What is Human Metapneumovirus?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory virus that can cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections in people of all ages.

It was first identified in 2001 in the Netherlands and belongs to the Pneumoviridae family, closely related to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Like RSV, HMPV is a significant cause of illness, particularly in young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

 How does HMPV spread?

HMPV spreads primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.

It can also spread via contact with surfaces contaminated with the virus, followed by touching the face, eyes, nose, or mouth.

The virus is highly contagious, especially in close-contact settings such as childcare centers, hospitals, and crowded spaces.

Origins of HMPV

Human Metapneumovirus was first discovered in the Netherlands in 2001 and has since been identified globally.

The virus primarily circulates during colder months, much like other respiratory viruses such as influenza and RSV. It is prevalent worldwide, affecting people regardless of geographic location.

Symptoms of HMPV Infection

HMPV infection typically presents symptoms similar to those of the common cold or flu. These include:

•         Cough
•         Fever
•         Shortness of breath
•         Runny nose
•         Sore throat
•         Fatigue

In severe cases, particularly among vulnerable groups such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, HMPV can lead to serious respiratory issues, including bronchitis and pneumonia.

Treatment and prevention

There is no specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Management focuses on supportive care, such as:

Rest and hydration

Over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and discomfort

In severe cases, hospitalization may be required, including oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care.

While there is no vaccine for HMPV yet, research is ongoing. In the meantime, preventive measures include:

•         Frequent handwashing
•         Covering coughs and sneezes
•         Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
•         Regularly disinfecting surfaces to minimize transmission

Recent outbreaks

China is currently experiencing a surge in HMPV infections, leading to overcrowded hospitals and heightened public concern.

The outbreak is particularly severe in northern provinces, with children being the most affected. This surge comes five years after the emergence of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, which led to a global pandemic.

In India, at least three cases of HMPV reported to have originated in China, have been detected.

Social media has been flooded with images and videos of crowded hospitals and masked individuals, reminiscent of early Covid-19 scenes.

In response, health authorities have implemented enhanced monitoring measures for pneumonia cases of unknown origin.

However, Beijing has described the situation as a seasonal winter occurrence, emphasizing that it is not unusual for respiratory viruses to spike during colder months.