A silent threat to respiratory health

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common but often underrecognised respiratory virus that primarily affects the respiratory tract. Discovered in 2001, HMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and is closely related to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It is a leading cause of acute respiratory infections, particularly in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.

HMPV is transmitted through respiratory droplets, direct contact with infected individuals, or contaminated surfaces. Infections are most common during late winter and spring, and symptoms range from mild cold-like illness to severe respiratory conditions, such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. High-risk groups, including children under five and adults over 65, often experience more severe complications.

There is currently no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for HMPV. Management focuses on supportive care, including hydration, fever reduction, and, in severe cases, oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. Early identification and appropriate clinical care can significantly improve outcomes.

Preventive measures, such as frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and maintaining good respiratory hygiene, can help limit the spread of HMPV. Health professionals emphasise the importance of monitoring high-risk populations during seasonal outbreaks.

HMPV's global burden underscores the need for continued research to develop effective vaccines and treatments. Greater awareness and diagnostic efforts are crucial in mitigating the impact of this often-overlooked pathogen and improving outcomes for affected populations.